Thermal Manikins and Modelling Edited by Jintu Fan The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

The first standards based on thermal manikin measurements were developed in the1980s. In the Nordic countries tests for thermal insulation measurements of sleepingbags and cold protective clothing were developed. Similar standards were publishedin Germany by DIN and in the US by ASTM. At a European level, EN 342describes test methods and requirements for cold protective clothing based onmanikin measurements. EN 511 describes a method for determining glove insulationusing a thermal hand model. In 2005 ASTM published a standard for determiningwater vapour resistance with a sweating manikin. ISO 9920 already described in1992 how clothing insulation could be measured with a thermal manikin. Thisprocedure, however, is more precisely specified in ISO 15831 published in 2003.Another field of application for thermal manikins is the evaluation of thermalenvironments. In particular, the automobile industry has shown great interest inusing manikins for vehicle climate evaluation. An international standard, ISO/DIS14505, dealing with this particular application is on the way.